Pathophysiology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pathophysiology - Case Study Example As the discussion outlines the changes in cardiac enzyme levels include the elevated troponin I, elevated myoglobin, elevated CPK and cardiac troponin T. However, cardiac troponin T, and I are the most common marker of myocardial injuries due to their high specificities and sensitivities for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The most common pathophysiologic precipitating event s of ACS are plague rapture, hypertension, chest discomforts and pains that spreads to the left arm and lower jaws. The chest pains are usually associated with sweating and nausea. The other precipitating events can include anemia, acute thrombosis that is induced by rapture and an unstable angina. Bradycardias or excessive slow heart rate and tachycardias (excessive faster heart rate) may also precipitate the ACS. This study discusses that the rationale includes administering of reperfusion therapy either with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), thrombolytic therapy or bypass surgery in the failure of the two methods. However, pre-hospital thrombolysis (PHT) is more preferred than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to the time factor. Consequently, all STEMI patients on COX-2 inhibitors except aspirin is to discontinue their use due to increased mortality risk, heart failure, hypertension, reinfarction and myocardial rupture related to their use. Additionally, IV Beta Blockers should be given during the first 24 hours. The use of morphine and nitroglycerin in managing ischemic chest pains is because morphine helps in reducing the discomfort as a pain reliever while nitroglycerin temporarily opens the arteries thus, enhancing the flow of blood to and from the heart.

In vitro Fertilization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

In vitro Fertilization - Term Paper Example excess of embryos being wasted every year. Some of the ethical considerations have also been taken under evaluation which is associated with IVF. Lastly, the ethical undertakings will be elaborated in the context of moral absolutism, relativism plurality, ethical egoism and utilitarianism. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has become one of the smarter ways through which non-productive women can now give birth with healthy pregnancy. It is basically a method which enables reproduction of human pregnancy externally (outside the body). The method that is applied for pregnancy in IVF involves the man’s sperm and woman’s egg is combined together within the laboratory setting. Once the reaction between the woman’s egg and man’s sperm takes place, the reacting embryo is transferred to the uterus of woman by a surgical process. The procedure is conducted under planned time frame which cannot afford any delays or mishandling (Sher, Davis, & Stoess, 2005). Apparently, a lot of critics have mentioned that IVF is an easy method which has been contested by IVF practitioners. IVF is a complex process that involves systematic procedure for undergoing pregnancy. The processes that are involved in the IVF process includes following systematic steps: This step involves drugs that are especially given to women so that multiple eggs can be produced. This allows the ovaries to produce multiple eggs that are in a continuous yet natural cycle. This step is very important to note because this has a special association with the conflict of frozen embryos. The need of more than one cell is because not all eggs can be used for fertilization. Thus, more than one egg is produced in the IVF method of pregnancy (Bonnicksen, 1989). The second step involves the retrieval of the eggs from the woman’s body. This step does not take long as this based upon surgical method of retrieval of eggs. This step also undergoes the filtration of the